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What is Fuller's Earth?

Jessica Ellis
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Updated: May 21, 2024
Views: 52,292
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Fuller's earth resembles clay in texture and form, but it is actually a superabsorbent form of aluminum silicate. Mostly composed of silica, magnesium, iron, and aluminum, it has been used for centuries to absorb dirt and oil. The name comes from its historic use in refining wool, when a craftsman, called a "fuller," would apply the clay-like substance to wool to remove dirt and oil before the cloth was completed.

The clay is a byproduct of the metamorphosis of certain rocks and minerals. Some of the largest deposits result from the slow erosion of feldspar, a common mineral. It is often a byproduct of the gradual metamorphosis in volcanic glass. The United States is a major producer of most grades and forms of the clay, as are Japan, England, and Mexico.

In modern times, fuller's earth is used as an effective absorbent product and is often found as a component of kitty litter. It is also used in filters, household cleaners, and stain removers for its unique ability to draw oil out of other substances. Automotive or repair garages often keep the product on hand for fast clean up of oil spills. It is also a major part of the refining process for edible oils, as can leach impurities from mineral, vegetable, or animal oil sources.

In addition to having considerable value for industrial refinement processes, fuller's earth is also a common ingredient in natural or homemade beauty products. It is often recommended for the treatment of excess skin oil, acne, or congested pores. Some also use this silicate to treat hyperpigmented skin and lessen the appearance of acne scars or freckles since it has mild bleaching properties. Cosmetic grade versions can be purchased from some herb or cosmetic suppliers, and it is often found as an ingredient in soap or facial masks meant for oily skin.

In the film world, this material has been a staple of action movies for decades, for a reason that has nothing to do with its absorbent qualities. When creating explosions, such as those seen in battlefield sequences, an explosive charge is typically placed in dirt and activated, sending up a large plume of dirt to simulate gunfire, cannonballs, or other explosions. Fuller's earth is prized for the enormous sprays of earth it creates when hit with a charge, far larger than those with normal dirt, providing quite literally more bang for the buck.

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Jessica Ellis
By Jessica Ellis
With a B.A. in theater from UCLA and a graduate degree in screenwriting from the American Film Institute, Jessica Ellis brings a unique perspective to her work as a writer for All The Science. While passionate about drama and film, Jessica enjoys learning and writing about a wide range of topics, creating content that is both informative and engaging for readers.
Discussion Comments
By anon253621 — On Mar 10, 2012

Did you know that fullers earth was used in ancient Pompeii? They would use urine and fullers earth to clean and bleach their fabrics. Where this was done was called a fullery.

By anon170400 — On Apr 26, 2011

where can you find Fuller's Earth?

By reader888 — On Feb 03, 2011

I'm very interested in finding facial products containing fuller's earth, in the hope that it can help with my oily skin.

I'm concerned about the bleaching properties of the silicate though. If it's used to treat hyperpigmented skin, scars, and freckles, I'm worried that products containing it could have a bleaching effect on my normal skin.

By geronimo8 — On Feb 02, 2011

Who would've thought that something you pull out of the ground, similar to clay, could have so many uses?

Did you know that fuller's earth has even been used to remove the color from beer?

We use man made products all the time, but there's so much that nature provides for us.

Jessica Ellis
Jessica Ellis
With a B.A. in theater from UCLA and a graduate degree in screenwriting from the American Film Institute, Jessica Ellis...
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