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What Is Starfish Prime?

Michael Anissimov
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Updated: May 21, 2024
Views: 27,892
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Starfish Prime was a high-altitude nuclear test conducted by the US on 9 July 1962, at Johnston Atoll in the Pacific, about 1400 km (870 mi) southwest of the Hawaiian islands. Starfish Prime was conducted as a part of Operation Dominic. The Johnston Atoll was chosen as a test site because of its relative isolation.

Operation Dominic was the largest series of nuclear tests ever conducted by the United States, with a total of 105 bombs exploded at various altitudes. At the time, Cold War paranoia was at its highest, and the United States was quickly rushing to develop missiles capable of striking into the heart of Russia from Allied launch pads in the UK. Starfish Prime was just one of these tests.

Launched on board a Thor rocket (an Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile) was a W49 thermonuclear warhead with a design yield of 1.44 megatons. The warhead was exploded 400 km (250 miles) above the island, well above the international definition for outer space, which is at only 100 km above the surface. The electromagnetic pulse generated knocked out numerous electronics in nearby Hawaii, setting off burglar alarms, breaking three hundred street lights, wreaking havoc with radios and TV sets, and fusing power lines. The explosion created an artificial aurora that persisted for seven minutes and could be seen from as far away as Samoa, 3200 km (2000 mi) distant.

Because of the lack of air at the altitude where Starfish Prime was staged, there was no resulting fireball, though numerous other malevolent effects occurred, some planned, some not. Three weeks prior, at another test associated with Operation Dominic, Bluegill Prime, the Thor booster failed and the test had to be aborted, raining radioactive metal down on Johnston Atoll.

During this test, Starfish Prime was successful, but it released so much energy into the Earth's radiation belts that the delicate electronics on seven satellites was ruined, a total of 1/3 of all satellites in low earth orbit at the time. Lacking any way of measuring the radiation in the Earth's inner radiation belts, this led to the launch of more delicate measurement satellites. It is said that high-energy electrons from Starfish Prime persisted in the atmosphere for as long as five years.

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Michael Anissimov
By Michael Anissimov
Michael Anissimov is a dedicated All The Science contributor and brings his expertise in paleontology, physics, biology, astronomy, chemistry, and futurism to his articles. An avid blogger, Michael is deeply passionate about stem cell research, regenerative medicine, and life extension therapies. His professional experience includes work with the Methuselah Foundation, Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, and Lifeboat Foundation, further showcasing his commitment to scientific advancement.
Discussion Comments
By anon166147 — On Apr 07, 2011

This is probably why the ozone was depleted.

By anon38451 — On Jul 26, 2009

This is my forst time running into wisegeek.com, so I cannot be judgmental concerning the quality of your website, but I must say that I do need much more information about Operation Starfish Prime.

I have also read in certain places that Operation Starfish Prime was actually an attempt by the folks at NASA to make a whole in the Van Allen belt in order to allow the moon shots to make it safely without the human body being destroyed by dangerous radiation!

In actuality, I do not believe the information about Operation Starfish Prime being released by government agencies, and this travesty that was unleashed "250 miles" above the planet earth has done much more to alienate us from our creator than anyone could ever imagine!

There is science to creation and you cannot have one and dismiss the other!

The knowledge of science does not mean the disrespect of that of which you have the knowledge!

Michael Anissimov
Michael Anissimov
Michael Anissimov is a dedicated All The Science contributor and brings his expertise in paleontology, physics, biology...
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